第61章 · 多版本对照
中文版本
通行本（王弼本）
大邦者下流，天下之牝，天下之交也。牝常以静胜牡，以静为下。故大邦以下小邦，则取小邦；小邦以下大邦，则取大邦。故或下以取，或下而取。大邦不过欲兼畜人，小邦不过欲入事人。夫两者各得所欲，大者宜为下。
王弼注
江海居大而处下则百川流之．大国居大而处下则天下流之．故曰大国者下流．天下之所归会者也．静而不求．物自归之也．以其静故能为下．牝雌也．雄躁动贪欲．雌常以静故能胜雄也．以其静复能为下故物归之也．大国以下犹云以大国下小国．小国则附之．大国纳之也．言唯修卑下然后乃各得其所欲．小国修下自全而已．不能令天下归之．大国修下则天下归之．故曰各得其所欲则大者宜为下也.
河上公注
大邦者下流者，大国如江海，处于下流也。天下之牝者，天下如雌牡也。
帛书异文
帛书本'大邦者下流'作'大邦者下流'，'天下之交'作'天下之交'。
郭店异文
郭店本'大邦者下流'章存在，'天下之交'等内容完整。
English Versions
D.C. Lau 译本
A large state is like a lower river, the intersection of the world, the female of the world. The female always overcomes the male through stillness. Through stillness she takes the lower position. Therefore if a large state serves a small state, it gains the small state. If a small state serves a large state, it gains the large state. Therefore some serve to gain, others serve to be served. The large state only wishes to gather and protect people. The small state only wishes to enter and serve people. If each gets what it wants, the large should especially take the lower position.
Henricks 译本（基于帛书）
A large state is like a lower river, the meeting place of the world, the female of the world. The female always overcomes the male through stillness. Through stillness she takes the lower position. Therefore if a large state serves a small state, it gains the small state. If a small state serves a large state, it gains the large state. Therefore some serve to gain, others serve to be served. The large state only wishes to gather and protect people. The small state only wishes to enter and serve people. If each gets what it wants, the large should especially take the lower position.
Addiss & Lombardo 诗意译本
A large state is like a lower river, the meeting place of the world, the female of the world. The female always overcomes the male through stillness. Through stillness she takes the lower position. Therefore if a large state serves a small state, it gains the small state. If a small state serves a large state, it gains the large state. Therefore some serve to gain, others serve to be served. The large state only wishes to gather and protect people. The small state only wishes to enter and serve people. If each gets what it wants, the large should especially take the lower position.
王夫之《老子衍》
道莫妙於受。受而動，是名受而實不受也。欲受而動，是實受而名不受也。天下相報以實，而相爭以名，陰陽之於人固然，況人事乎？語其極，則欲「兼畜人」，非能畜人；欲「入事人」，非能事人。何也？實元動也，況欲之而又不能靜乎？愈大則愈可受。人能為陰陽之歸，其處下尤甚。靜其欲，靜其動，江海之所以為百谷王也。
憨山德清注
此言無為之益，福利於民，反顯有為之害也。凡治大國，以安靜無擾為主，行其所無事，則民自安居樂業，而蒙其福利矣。故曰若烹小鮮。烹小鮮，則不可撓。撓，則靡爛而不全矣。治民亦然。夫虐政害民，災害並至，民受其殃。不知為政之道，乃以鬼神為厲而傷人，反以祭祀以要其福。其實君人者不道所致也。若以道德君臨天下，則和氣致祥，雖有鬼而亦不神矣。不神，謂不能為禍福也。且鬼神非無，然洋洋乎如在其上，如在其左右，豈不昭格於上下耶。第雖靈爽赫然，但只為民之福，不為民害。故曰非其鬼不神，但其神不傷人耳。然非其神不傷人，實由聖人含哺百姓，如保赤子。與天地合其德，鬼神合其吉凶，而絕無傷民之意，故鬼神協和而致福也。故曰非其神不傷人，聖人亦不傷之。如湯之時，七年大旱。湯以身代犧牲，藉茅以禱，致雨三尺。故民皆以湯王克誠感格所致，斯蓋由夫兩不相傷，故其德交歸焉。此無為之德，福民如此。
通行本（王弼本）
大邦者下流，天下之牝，天下之交也。牝常以静胜牡，以静为下。故大邦以下小邦，则取小邦；小邦以下大邦，则取大邦。故或下以取，或下而取。大邦不过欲兼畜人，小邦不过欲入事人。夫两者各得所欲，大者宜为下。
王弼注
江海居大而处下则百川流之．大国居大而处下则天下流之．故曰大国者下流．天下之所归会者也．静而不求．物自归之也．以其静故能为下．牝雌也．雄躁动贪欲．雌常以静故能胜雄也．以其静复能为下故物归之也．大国以下犹云以大国下小国．小国则附之．大国纳之也．言唯修卑下然后乃各得其所欲．小国修下自全而已．不能令天下归之．大国修下则天下归之．故曰各得其所欲则大者宜为下也.
河上公注
大邦者下流者，大国如江海，处于下流也。天下之牝者，天下如雌牡也。
王夫之注
道莫妙於受。受而動，是名受而實不受也。欲受而動，是實受而名不受也。天下相報以實，而相爭以名，陰陽之於人固然，況人事乎？語其極，則欲「兼畜人」，非能畜人；欲「入事人」，非能事人。何也？實元動也，況欲之而又不能靜乎？愈大則愈可受。人能為陰陽之歸，其處下尤甚。靜其欲，靜其動，江海之所以為百谷王也。
憨山德清注
此言無為之益，福利於民，反顯有為之害也。凡治大國，以安靜無擾為主，行其所無事，則民自安居樂業，而蒙其福利矣。故曰若烹小鮮。烹小鮮，則不可撓。撓，則靡爛而不全矣。治民亦然。夫虐政害民，災害並至，民受其殃。不知為政之道，乃以鬼神為厲而傷人，反以祭祀以要其福。其實君人者不道所致也。若以道德君臨天下，則和氣致祥，雖有鬼而亦不神矣。不神，謂不能為禍福也。且鬼神非無，然洋洋乎如在其上，如在其左右，豈不昭格於上下耶。第雖靈爽赫然，但只為民之福，不為民害。故曰非其鬼不神，但其神不傷人耳。然非其神不傷人，實由聖人含哺百姓，如保赤子。與天地合其德，鬼神合其吉凶，而絕無傷民之意，故鬼神協和而致福也。故曰非其神不傷人，聖人亦不傷之。如湯之時，七年大旱。湯以身代犧牲，藉茅以禱，致雨三尺。故民皆以湯王克誠感格所致，斯蓋由夫兩不相傷，故其德交歸焉。此無為之德，福民如此。
帛书异文
帛书本'大邦者下流'作'大邦者下流'，'天下之交'作'天下之交'。
郭店异文
郭店本'大邦者下流'章存在，'天下之交'等内容完整。
D.C. Lau 英译
A large state is like a lower river, the intersection of the world, the female of the world. The female always overcomes the male through stillness. Through stillness she takes the lower position. Therefore if a large state serves a small state, it gains the small state. If a small state serves a large state, it gains the large state. Therefore some serve to gain, others serve to be served. The large state only wishes to gather and protect people. The small state only wishes to enter and serve people. If each gets what it wants, the large should especially take the lower position.
差异高亮模式：突出显示各版本之间的主要差异
原文 vs 帛书异文
| 通行本 | 帛书差异 |
|---|---|
| 大邦者下流，天下之牝，天下之交也。牝常以静胜牡，以静为下。故大邦以下小邦，则取小邦；小邦以下大邦，则取大邦。故或下以取，或下而取。大邦不过欲兼畜人，小邦不过欲入事人。夫两者各得所欲，大者宜为下。 | 帛书本'大邦者下流'作'大邦者下流'，'天下之交'作'天下之交'。 |
王弼注 vs 河上公注
| 王弼注 | 河上公注 |
|---|---|
| 江海居大而处下则百川流之．大国居大而处下则天下流之．故曰大国者下流．天下之所归会者也．静而不求．物自归之也．以其静故能为下．牝雌也．雄躁动贪欲．雌常以静故能胜雄也．以其静复能为下故物归之也．大国以下犹云以大国下小国．小国则附之．大国纳之也．言唯修卑下然后乃各得其所欲．小国修下自全而已．不能令天下归之．大国修下则天下归之．故曰各得其所欲则大者宜为下也. | 大邦者下流者，大国如江海，处于下流也。天下之牝者，天下如雌牡也。 |