第49章 · 原文
现代白话译文
圣人没有固定的意志，以百姓的意志为意志。善良的人，我善待他；不善良的人，我也善待他，这样可使人人向善。守信的人，我信任他；不守信的人，我也信任他，这样可使人人守信。圣人在天下，总是收敛自己的欲望，使天下的心思归于浑朴，百姓都专注视听于圣人，圣人使他们都像婴孩一样纯真。
多版本对照
王弼注（魏晋）
动常因也．各因其用则善不失也．无弃人也．各用聪明．皆使和而无欲如婴儿也．夫天地设位圣人成能人谋鬼谋百姓与能者．能者与之资者取之．能大则大资贵则贵．物有其宗事有其主．如此则可冕旒充目而不惧于欺．黈纩塞耳而无戚于慢．亦何为劳一身之聪明．以察百姓之情哉．夫以明察物物亦竞以其明应之．以不信察求物物亦竞以其不信应之．夫天下之心不必同．其所应不敢异．则莫肯用其情矣．甚矣害之大也．莫大于用其明矣．夫在智则人之讼．在力则人与之争．智不出于人而立乎讼地则穷矣．力不出于人而立乎争地则危矣．未有能使人无用其智力乎于己者也．如此则己以一敌人而人以千万敌己也．若乃多其法网烦其刑罚塞其径路攻其幽宅．则万物失其自然百姓丧其手足．鸟乱于上鱼乱于下．是以圣人之于天下歙歙焉心无所主也．为天下浑心焉意无所适莫也．无所察焉百姓何避．无所求焉百姓何应．无避无应则莫不用其情矣．人无为舍其所能而为其所不能．舍其所长而为其所短．如此则言者言其所知行者行其所能．百姓各皆注其耳目焉．吾皆孩之而已.
河上公注（汉）
圣人无常心者，圣人无常心，以百姓心为心也。百姓皆注其耳目者，百姓注目于圣人也。
王夫之《老子衍》（明末清初）
即有聖人，豈能使天下之皆孩邪？一生二而有陰陽，有陰陽而有性情，有性隋而有是非。夫性情之凝滯以幹陰陽之肖者而執之，將遂以為常乎？常於此者，不常於彼矣。唯執大常以無所常，故恣陽亢陰凝之極，而百姓可坐待其及，我為焦土，百姓為灌潦；我為和風，百姓為笙竽。有漬而不受，有聲而不留，則善之來投，若稚子學語於翁嫗之側，而況夫不善之注耳目者乎？嗚呼！天下之有目而注者多矣，與之為目者，則亦注也。聖人不為目，而天下自此孩矣。
憨山德清《老子道德经解》（明）
此教君天下者，以無我之德，故天下歸之如水之就下也。百川之水，不拘淨穢，總歸於江海。江海而能容納之，以其善下也。此喻聖人在上，天下歸之，以其無我也。欲上民，必以言下之。言者，心之聲也。故君天下者，尊為天子。聖人虛心應物，而不見其尊，故凡出言必謙下。如日孤寡不穀，不以尊陵天下也。欲先人，必以身後之者，身者，心之表也。君天下者，貴為天子，天下推之以為先。聖人忘己與人，而不自見有其貴。故凡於物欲，澹然無所嗜好，不以一己之養害天下也。重者，猶不堪也。是則聖人之心，有天下而不與。故雖處上，而民自堪命，不以為重。雖處前，而民自遂生，不以為害。此所以天下樂推而不厭。蓋無我之至，乃不爭之德也。此爭非爭鬥之謂，蓋言心不馳競於物也。以其不爭，故天下莫能與之爭。莊子所謂兼忘天下易，使天下忘己難。此則能使天下忘己，故莫能與之爭耳。
马王堆帛书异文（西汉）
圣人无心，以百姓心为心。善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，得善矣。
郭店楚简异文（战国）
此章缺
English Translations / 英文译本
The sage has no fixed mind. He takes the mind of the people as his mind. The good I treat with goodness. The not good I also treat with goodness, thus gaining goodness. The trustworthy I trust. The untrustworthy I also trust, thus gaining trust. The sage dwells in the world, cautiously and harmoniously blending with the world. The people all focus their ears and eyes, and the sage treats them as children.
The sage has no fixed mind. He takes the mind of the people as his mind. The good I treat with goodness. The not good I also treat with goodness, thus gaining goodness. The trustworthy I trust. The untrustworthy I also trust, thus gaining trust. The sage dwells in the world, cautiously and harmoniously blending with the world. The people all focus their ears and eyes, and the sage treats them like children.
The sage has no fixed mind. He takes the mind of the people as his mind. The good I treat with goodness. The not good I also treat with goodness, thus gaining goodness. The trustworthy I trust. The untrustworthy I also trust, thus gaining trust. The sage dwells in the world, cautiously and harmoniously blending with the world. The people all focus their ears and eyes, and the sage treats them like children.