第45章 · 原文
现代白话译文
最完满的东西好像有残缺,但它的作用不会衰竭。最充盈的东西好像空虚,但它的作用无穷无尽。最直的东西好像弯曲,最灵巧的东西好像笨拙,最雄辩的人好像口吃。运动能战胜寒冷,安静能战胜炎热。只有清静无为才能做天下的典范。
多版本对照
王弼注(魏晋)
随物而成.不为一象.故若缺也.大盈充足.随物而与.无所爱矜.故若冲也.随物而直.直不在一.故若屈也.大巧因自然以成器.不造为异端.故若拙也.大辩因物而言.己无所造.故若讷也.躁罢然后胜寒.静无为以胜热.以此推之则清静为天下正也.静则全物之眞.躁则犯物之性.故惟清静乃得如上诸大也.
河上公注(汉)
大成若缺者,谓道德大成,若缺然不圆满也。其用不弊者,其用不弊败,长久也。
王夫之《老子衍》(明末清初)
陰陽交而人事煩,人事煩而功名著。故喜於有為者,其物之盈而往附之。已盈而往附焉,必損於己,遂思以勝之;我見其寒而趨火,熱而飲冰,徒自困也。彼豈樂有此患哉?始亦以附彼者之易於求盈,而不知其至此也。而早嗇於己,不驚於物,則陰陽方長,而不附之以為功名。始於不依,終於不競,天下正矣,而我若未有功。故貌見不足,而實享其有餘。誠享矣,而又奚恤於貌之不足?
憨山德清《老子道德经解》(明)
此言道之為貴,誡人當勉力求之也。道者,萬物之奧。奧者,室之西南隅。有室必有奧。但人雖居其室,而不知奧之深邃。以譬道在萬物,施之日用尋常之間,人日用而不知,故如奧也。然道既在萬物,足知人性皆同。雖有善惡之差,而性未嘗異,以其俗習之偏耳。故善人得之以為寶。惡人雖失,亦賴此道保之以有生。故曰所保。苟非其道以保之,則同無情瓦石矣。足見理本同也,所謂堯舜與人同耳。由此觀之,天下豈有可棄之人耶。且一言之美,則可以市。市,利也。一行之尊,則可以加於人之上。況大道之貴,豈止一言之美,一行之尊。且人之全具而不欠缺一毫者,斯則不善之人,又何棄之有耶。故立天子,置三公,雖有拱璧以先駟馬,不如坐進此道,此古語也。老子解之曰,然天子三公,不足為尊貴。拱璧駟馬,不足為榮觀。總不如坐進此道。所以貴此道者,何耶。豈不曰,求道以得之,縱有罪亦可以免之耶。是知桀紂,天子也,不免其誅。四凶,三公也,不免其戮。非無拱璧駟馬,而竟不能免其罪。故夷齊諫武王而不兵,巢許傲天子而不譴,豈非求以得有罪以免耶。況夫一念復真,諸罪頓滅。苟求而得,立地超凡。故為天下貴也。
马王堆帛书异文(西汉)
大成若缺,其用不弊。大盈若冲,其用不穷。
郭店楚简异文(战国)
此章缺
English Translations / 英文译本
Great perfection seems incomplete, but its use is not exhausted. Great fullness seems empty, but its use is not depleted. Great straightness seems crooked. Great skill seems clumsy. Great eloquence seems stuttering. Movement overcomes cold. Stillness overcomes heat. Clear stillness is the standard of the world.
Great perfection seems incomplete, but its use is not exhausted. Great fullness seems empty, but its use is not depleted. Great straightness seems crooked. Great skill seems clumsy. Great eloquence seems stuttering. Movement overcomes cold. Stillness overcomes heat. Clear stillness is the standard of the world.
Great perfection seems incomplete, but its use is not exhausted. Great fullness seems empty, but its use is not depleted. Great straightness seems crooked. Great skill seems clumsy. Great eloquence seems stuttering. Movement overcomes cold. Stillness overcomes heat. Clear stillness is the standard of the world.