第44章 · 原文
现代白话译文
名声与生命相比哪个亲切?生命与货利相比哪个贵重?得到与失去相比哪个有害?过分爱惜必招致巨大的破费,过多的贮藏必招致惨重的损失。所以知道满足就不会受屈辱,知道适可而止就不会有危险,这样可以长久。
多版本对照
王弼注(魏晋)
尚名好高.其身必疏.食货无厌.其身必少.得多利而亡其身.何者为病也.甚爱不与物通.多藏不与物散.求之者多.攻之者众.为物所病.故大费厚亡也.
河上公注(汉)
名与身孰亲者,名者,名利也。身者,性命也。亲,爱也。人何爱名利而不爱身命乎?
王夫之《老子衍》(明末清初)
所謂至人者,豈果其距物以孤處哉?而坐視其變,知我之終無如物何,而物亦終無如我何也。故「辱」有自來,而「辱」或無自來;」殆」有自召,而「殆」或不召而至。然而以「身」捷得其眚而受其「名」,則不如無居之為愈也。故謂之善愛「名」而善居「貨」,善襲「得」而善遣「亡」。「得」之於「身」,聽然以消陰陽之沴;得之於天下,泮然以斃虎兕之威。
憨山德清《老子道德经解》(明)
此言君天下者,當以靜勝為主,不可以力相尚也。夫流之在下者,如江海,眾水歸之。故大國之在天下,眾望歸之。故如流之在下,以為天下之交。納汙含垢,無所不容。又虛而能受,如天下之牝也。凡物之雌曰牝,雄曰牡,牡動而牝靜。動則不育,靜能有生,是牝以靜勝牡也。以此譬喻聖人之德。然聖人為天下牝者。以天下之人,衣食皆賴之以生,爵祿皆賴之以榮,萬幾並集於一人。故君道無為,而皆任其所欲,各遂其所生。所謂萬物皆往資焉而不匱,此似牝以靜勝牡也。是則靜為群動之歸趨,故以靜為下。大字小,如母育子。小事大,如子奉母。精神相孚,相得最易,故如掇之也。然大字小,必有所容。故曰或下以取。以,猶左右之也。小事大,必有所忍。故曰或下而取。而,因而取之也。皆無妄動之過,故交歸焉。且大國之欲,不過兼畜人,非容無以成其大。小國之欲,不過入事人,非忍無以濟其事。兩者既各得其所欲,而大者更宜下。何也。以大國素尊,難於下耳,故特勉之。此老子見當時諸侯,專於征伐,以力不以德,知動不知靜,徒見相服之難,而不知下之一字,為至簡之術。蓋傷時之論也。
马王堆帛书异文(西汉)
名与身孰亲?身与货孰多?得与亡孰病?
郭店楚简异文(战国)
此章缺
English Translations / 英文译本
Fame and life, which is more dear? Life and wealth, which is more important? Gaining and losing, which is more harmful? Therefore excessive love must cost greatly. Much storage must suffer heavy loss. Knowing contentment avoids disgrace. Knowing when to stop avoids danger. One can endure long.
Fame and life, which is more dear? Life and wealth, which is more important? Gaining and losing, which is more harmful? Therefore excessive love must cost greatly. Much storage must suffer heavy loss. Knowing contentment avoids disgrace. Knowing when to stop avoids danger. One can endure long.
Fame and life, which is more dear? Life and wealth, which is more important? Gaining and losing, which is more harmful? Therefore excessive love must cost greatly. Much storage must suffer heavy loss. Knowing contentment avoids disgrace. Knowing when to stop avoids danger. One can endure long.