第60章 · 原文
治大国,若烹小鲜。以道莅天下,其鬼不神;非其鬼不神,其神不伤人;非其神不伤人,圣人亦不伤人。夫两不相伤,故德交归焉。
现代白话译文

治理大国,好像煎烹小鱼一样。用道治理天下,鬼怪不起作用;不是鬼怪不起作用,而是它的作用不伤人;不是它的作用不伤人,而是圣人也不伤人。鬼怪和圣人都不伤人,所以德归于他们,交相会合。

多版本对照
王弼注(魏晋)

不扰也.躁则多害静则全眞.故其国弥大而其主弥静.然后乃能广得众心矣.治大国则若烹小鲜.以道莅天下则其鬼不神也.神不害自然也.物守自然则神无所加.神无所加则不知神之为神也.道洽则神不伤人.神不伤人则不知神之为神也.道洽则圣人亦不伤人.圣人不伤人则亦不知圣人之为圣也.犹云非独不知神之为神.亦不知圣人之为圣也.夫恃威网以使物者治之衰也.使不知神圣之为神圣道之极也.神不伤人圣人亦不伤人.圣人不伤人神亦不伤人.故曰两不相伤也.神圣合道交归之也.

河上公注(汉)

治大国者,治大国之道也。若烹小鲜者,烹小鱼,不挠也,不扰民也。

王夫之《老子衍》(明末清初)

動天下之形,猶餘其氣;動天下之氣,動無餘矣。「烹小鮮」而撓之,未嘗傷小鮮也,而氣已傷矣。傷其氣,氣遂逆起而報之。夫天下有「鬼神」,揉治亂於無形;吾身有「鬼神」,燥生死於無形。殺機一動,龍蛇起陸,而生德戕焉。靜則無,動則有,神則「傷人」,可畏哉!「載營魄抱一而不離」,與相保於水之未波。豈有以治天下哉?「蒞」之而已。

憨山德清《老子道德经解》(明)

此言天道之妙,以明聖人法天以制用也。弓之為物,本弣高而有餘,弰下而不足,乃弛而不用也。及張而用之,則抑高舉下,損弣有餘之力,以補弰之不足。上下均停,然後巧於中的。否則由基逢蒙,無所施其巧矣。天之道亦猶是也。以其但施而不受,皆損一氣之有餘,以補萬物之不足,均調適可,故各遂其生。人道但受而不施,故人主以天下奉一己。皆損百姓之不足,以補一人之有餘,裒寡益多,故民不堪其命。誰能損有餘以奉天下哉。唯有道者,達性分之至足,一身之外皆餘物也。故堯舜有天下而不與,即以所養而養民,乃能以有餘奉不足也。是以聖人與道為一,與天為徒。故法天制用,雖為而不恃其能,雖成而不居其功,此損之至也。損之至,故天下樂推而不厭。雖不欲見賢,不可得也。其不欲見賢耶一句,謂我心本不欲見賢,而人自以我為賢矣。此益也,由損而至。故唯天為大,唯堯則之,此之謂也。

马王堆帛书异文(西汉)

治大国若烹小鲜。以道莅天下,其鬼不神。

帛书本'治大国'作'治大国','若烹小鲜'作'若亨小鲜','亨'通'烹'。
郭店楚简异文(战国)

此章缺

郭店本'治大国'章内容完整,与通行本一致。
English Translations / 英文译本

Governing a large country is like cooking a small fish. When the way is used to approach the world, ghosts have no power. Not only do ghosts have no power, but the spirits do not harm people. Not only do spirits not harm people, but the sage also does not harm people. When neither harms the other, virtue converges and is attributed to it.

Governing a large state is like cooking a small fish. When the way is used to approach the world, ghosts have no power. Not only do ghosts have no power, but the spirits do not harm people. Not only do spirits not harm people, but the sage also does not harm people. When neither harms the other, virtue converges and returns to its root.

Governing a large state is like cooking a small fish. When the way is used to approach the world, ghosts have no power. Not only do ghosts have no power, but the spirits do not harm people. Not only do spirits not harm people, but the sage also does not harm people. When neither harms the other, virtue converges and returns to its root.