第10章 · 原文
现代白话译文
身体和灵魂合一,能不分离吗?凝聚气息达到柔顺,能像婴儿一样吗?清除心中的杂念,能没有瑕疵吗?爱护人民治理国家,能无为而治吗?感官与外界接触,能保持宁静吗?明白通达四方,能不用心机吗?生长万物,养育万物,生养而不占有,施为而不自恃,统领而不主宰,这就叫做深奥的德。
多版本对照
王弼注(魏晋)
载犹处也.营魄人之常居处也.一人之眞也.言人能处常居之宅.抱一清神能常无离乎.则万物自宾也.专任也.致极也.言任自然之气.致至柔之和.能若婴儿之无所欲乎.则物全而性得矣.玄物之极也.言能涤除邪饰.至于极览.能不以物介其明.疵之其神乎.则终与玄同也.任术以求成运数以求匿者智也.玄览无疵.治国无以智.犹弃智也.能无以智乎.则民不辟而国治也.天门谓天下之所由从也.开阖治乱之际也.或开或阖.经通于天下.故曰天门开阖也.雌应而不倡.因而不为.言天门开阖能为雌乎.则物自宾而处自安矣.言至明四达.无迷无惑.能无以为乎.则物化矣.所谓道常无为.侯王若能守.则万物将自化.不塞其源也.不塞其源.则物自生.何功之有.不禁其性.则物自济.何为之恃.物自长足.不吾宰成.有徳无主.非玄而何.凡言玄徳.皆有徳而不知其主.出乎幽冥.
河上公注(汉)
载营魄抱一能无离乎者,言魂魄当守神合,不离于身也。专气致柔能婴儿乎者,言专守精气,使不散乱,致于柔弱,如婴儿也。涤除玄览能无疵乎者,言当涤除邪气,使心地清明,无有瑕疵。
王夫之《老子衍》(明末清初)
載,則與所載者二,而離矣。專之,致之,則不嬰兒矣。有所滌,有所除,早有疵矣。愛而治之,斯有為矣。闔伏開啟,將失雌之半矣。明白在中,而達在四隅,則有知矣。此不常之道,倚以為名,而兩俱無猜,妙德之至也。
憨山德清《老子道德经解》(明)
此章教人以造道之方,必至忘知絕跡,然後方契玄妙之德也。載,乘也。營,舊註為魂。楚辭云,魂識路之營營,蓋營營,猶言惺惺,擾動貌。然魂動而魄靜,人乘此魂魄而有思慮妄想之心者。故動則乘魂,營營而亂想。靜則乘魄,昧昧而昏沈。是皆不能抱一也。故楞嚴曰,精神魂魄,遞相離合,是也。今抱一者,謂魂魄兩載,使合而不離也。魂與魄合,則動而常靜,雖惺惺而不亂想。魄與魂合,則靜而常動,雖寂寂而不昏沈。道若如此,常常抱一而不離,則動靜不異,寤寐一如。老子審問學者做工夫能如此。乎者,責問之辭。專氣致柔。專,如專城之專。謂制也。然人賴氣而有生。以妄有緣氣,於中積聚,假名為心。氣隨心行,故心妄動則氣益剛。氣剛而心益動。所謂氣壹則動志。學道工夫,先制其氣不使妄動以薰心,制其心不使妄動以鼓氣,心靜而氣自調柔。工夫到此,則怒出於不怒矣。如嬰兒號而不嗄也。故老子審問其人之工夫能如此乎。滌除玄覽。玄覽者,謂前抱一專氣工夫,做到純熟,自得玄妙之境也。若將此境覽在胸中,執之而不化,則返為至道之病。只須將此亦須洗滌,淨盡無餘,以至於忘心絕跡,方為造道之極。老子審問能如此乎。此三句,乃入道工夫,得道之體也。老子意謂道體雖是精明,不知用上何如,若在用上無跡,方為道妙。故向下審問其用。然愛民治國,乃道之緒餘也。所謂道之真以治身,其緒餘土苴以為天下國家。故聖人有天下而不與。愛民治國,可無為而治。老子審問能無為乎。若不能無為,還是不能忘跡,雖妙而不妙也。天門,指天機而言。開闔,猶言出入應用之意。雌,物之陰者。蓋陽施而陰受,乃留藏之意。蓋門有虛通出入之意。而人心之虛靈,所以應事接物,莫不由此天機發動。蓋常人應物,由心不虛,凡事有所留藏,故心日茆塞。莊子謂室無空虛,則婦姑勃蹊。心無天遊,則六鑿相攘。此言心不虛也。然聖人用心如鏡,不將不迎,來無所粘,去無蹤跡。所謂應而不藏。此所謂天門開闔而無雌也。老子審問做工夫者能如此乎。明白四達,謂智無不燭也。然常人有智,則用智於外,衒耀見聞。聖人智包天地,而不自有其知。謂含光內照。故曰明白四達而無知。老子問人能如此乎。然而學道工夫做到如此,體用兩全,形神俱妙,可謂造道之極。其德至妙,可以合乎天地之德矣。且天地之德,生之畜之。雖生而不有,雖為而不恃,雖長而不宰,聖人之德如此,可謂玄妙之德矣。
马王堆帛书异文(西汉)
载营魄抱一,能无离乎?专气致柔,能婴儿乎?
郭店楚简异文(战国)
此章缺
English Translations / 英文译本
Can you keep the soul and the body together without letting them part? Can you concentrate your breath and make it soft like an infant? Can you cleanse your inner vision and wipe it free of flaws? Can you love the people and govern the state without resorting to action? When the gates of heaven open and close, can you play the part of the female? When your discernment penetrates the four quarters, can you remain in the dark? To give birth and to nourish, to give birth without possessing, to act without expectation, to lead without dominating—this is called mysterious virtue.
Carrying body and soul and embracing the one, can you be without separation? Focusing your breath to become soft, can you be like an infant? Cleansing your mysterious mirror, can you be without flaw? Loving the people and governing the state, can you do without knowledge? When the Gates of Heaven open and close, can you play the part of the female? Understanding and reaching all four directions, can you do without knowledge? Give birth to them and nourish them, give birth without possessing, benefit without claiming, lead without dominating—this is called Mysterious Virtue.
Carrying your body and your spirit and embracing them as one, can you keep them from parting? Focusing your breath, making it soft, can you be like a child? Cleansing your mysterious mirror, can you make it spotless? Loving the people, ruling the nation, can you be innocent? Opening and closing the gates of heaven, can you play the female? Understanding all four directions, can you be ignorant? Bear them, feed them, bear but don't own, act but don't claim, lead but don't control—this is the dark female's power.