第35章 · 原文
现代白话译文
坚守大道的形象,天下的人们都会来归往。归往而不互相伤害,于是平和安泰。音乐和美食,能使过路的人停下脚步。道如果用言语表述出来,是平淡而无味的,看它看不见,听它听不到,但用它却是用不完的。
多版本对照
王弼注(魏晋)
大象天象之母也.不炎不寒.不温不凉.故能包统万物.无所犯伤.主若执之.则天下往也.无形无识.不偏不彰.故万物得往而不害妨也.言道之深大.人闻道之言.乃更不如学与饵.应时感悦人心也.乐与饵则能令过客止.而道之出言淡然无味.视之不足见.则不足以悦其目.听之不足闻.则不足以娯其耳.若无所中然.乃用之不可穷极也.
河上公注(汉)
执大象者,执大道之法象也。天下往者,天下万物皆归往也。
王夫之《老子衍》(明末清初)
蛇之制在項,人之制在限。繫其項,則廢其螫;」艮其限」,則「列其夤」矣。其象甚微,制之甚大。故清虛者物之湊,而重濁者物之司也。不棄其司,不奔其湊;於空得實,於實得空;扼其重濁,以致其清虛。嘗試念之:樂作餌熟,則雖有遄行之客,而游情以止,非以其歸於情耶?所謂「常有欲以觀其徼」也。然項之與限,非有情者也。無情者不可強納有情以為之主,則衝淡晦寂而用無方,斯亦無欲之至矣。始乎重濁,反乎清虛;得乎清虛,順乎重濁;有欲無欲,而常者未有變焉;斯執大象者之所獨得與!
憨山德清《老子道德经解》(明)
此承上言無為之益,以明不言之教也。然天下之至堅,非至柔不足以馳騁之。如水之穿山透地,浸潤金石是已。若以有入有,即相觸而有間。若以空入有,則細無不入。如虛空偏入一切有形,即纖塵芒芴,無所不入,以其虛也。若知虛無之有用,足知無為之有益矣。前云人不善教人者,以其有言也。有言則有跡,有跡則恃智,恃智則自多。自多者則矜能而好為。凡好為者必易敗。此蓋有言之教,有為之無益也,如此。則知不言之教,無為之益,天下希及之矣。
马王堆帛书异文(西汉)
执大象,天下往。往而不害,安平大。
郭店楚简异文(战国)
此章缺
English Translations / 英文译本
Hold fast to the great image, and the world will come. They will come without harm, peaceful and at ease. Music and delicacies can make passing guests stop. But when the way is spoken, it is tasteless and cannot be seen, heard, or used.
Hold fast to the great image, and the world will come. They will come without harm, peaceful and at ease. Music and delicacies can make passing guests stop. But when the way is spoken, it is tasteless and cannot be seen, heard, or exhausted in use.
Hold the great image, and the world comes. Comes without harm, peaceful and at ease. Music and food make passing guests stop. But when the way is spoken, it is tasteless. Look, it cannot be seen. Listen, it cannot be heard. Use, it cannot be exhausted.